Exit Glacier
| Exit Glacier | |
|---|---|
 Exit Glacier | |
  Exit Glacier | |
| Type | Valley glacier |
| Location | Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 60°10′N 149°42′W / 60.167°N 149.700°W |
| Area | 4 miles (6.4 km) |
| Terminus | Moraine/river |
| Status | Receding |
 | |
Exit Glacier is a glacier derived from the Harding Icefield in the Kenai Mountains of Alaska[1] and one of Kenai Fjords National Park's major attractions. It is one of the most accessible valley glaciers in Alaska and is a visible indicator of glacial recession due to climate change.[2][3] Exit Glacier retreated approximately 187 feet (57 m) from 2013 to 2014 and park scientists continue to monitor and record the glacier's accelerating recession.[4]
It received its name for serving as the exit for the first recorded crossing of the Harding Icefield in 1968.
History
[edit]
In the spring of 1968, the first documented mountaineering party succeeded in crossing the Harding Icefield. Ten people were involved in the crossing, which went from Chernof Glacier east to Resurrection Glacier (Later renamed Exit as the newspaper reported that the group would be descending the "Exit Glacier"). Expedition members included Bill Babcock, Eric Barnes, Bill Fox, Dave Johnston, Yule Kilcher and his son Otto, Dave Spencer, Helmut Tschaffert, and Vin and Grace (Jansen) Hoeman. As noted above, Yule Kilcher, Dave Johnston, Vin Hoeman, and Grace Hoeman were veterans of previous attempts; of the ten, only four–Bill Babcock, Dave Johnston, Yule Kilcher, and Vin Hoeman–hiked all the way across the icefield. The expedition left Homer on April 17, bound for Chernof Glacier; eight days later, they descended Exit Glacier and arrived in Seward. Along the way, the party made a first-ever ascent of Truuli Peak, a 6,612-foot (2,015 m) eminence that protrudes from the northwestern edge of the icefield near Truuli Glacier.
Exit Glacier was one of the major landmarks that President Barack Obama visited during his historic trip to Alaska in 2015. The rapid retreat of the glacier highlights the effects of climate change and how it affects Alaska's coastal glaciers.
Access
[edit]The Exit Glacier is especially notable for being a drive up glacier (similar to the Mendenhall Glacier of Juneau). A spur road off the Seward Highway leads to the only road accessible portion of the Kenai Fjords National Park. A system of hiking trails lead to the terminus of the glacier and up to the Harding Icefield itself. Although it is one of the Harding Icefield's smaller glaciers, it is one of the most visited because of its easy accessibility and abundant hiking trails around and above the glacier. Exit Glacier is accessible year-round. Upon the arrival of snow, usually in mid-November, the road is closed to cars but open to a wide range of winter recreation: from snow machines, dogsleds, fat-tire bicycles, and cross-country skiers.[5]
Ranger programs
[edit]
Ranger-led walks to Exit Glacier are available at 10 am, 11 am, 1 pm, and 2 pm daily during the summer season. These walks are approximately 1–2 hours long. "Ranger Talks" are held in the Exit Glacier Pavilion at 12:30 pm. These last approximately 20–30 minutes. A guided hike to Marmot Meadows along the Harding Icefield trail is also available every day of the summer season at 9 am and lasts 3 to 4 hours.[6]
Climate
[edit]Seward 8 NW, is a weather station at the foot of Exit Glacier, near the Exit Glacier trailhead and campground. Exit Glacier has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), with long, cold winters and short, cool summers.
| Climate data for Seward 8 NW, Alaska, 1991–2020 normals, 1983-2020 extremes: 424ft (129m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 42 (6) |
43 (6) |
48 (9) |
55 (13) |
69 (21) |
77 (25) |
77 (25) |
75 (24) |
66 (19) |
55 (13) |
43 (6) |
41 (5) |
77 (25) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 25.4 (−3.7) |
31.4 (−0.3) |
37.9 (3.3) |
46.1 (7.8) |
56.8 (13.8) |
64.7 (18.2) |
67.3 (19.6) |
65.0 (18.3) |
56.6 (13.7) |
44.8 (7.1) |
31.6 (−0.2) |
27.3 (−2.6) |
46.2 (7.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 16.4 (−8.7) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
25.8 (−3.4) |
35.0 (1.7) |
44.0 (6.7) |
51.4 (10.8) |
55.1 (12.8) |
52.6 (11.4) |
45.6 (7.6) |
35.1 (1.7) |
23.1 (−4.9) |
18.7 (−7.4) |
35.3 (1.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 7.4 (−13.7) |
11.2 (−11.6) |
13.7 (−10.2) |
24.0 (−4.4) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
38.0 (3.3) |
42.9 (6.1) |
40.2 (4.6) |
34.6 (1.4) |
25.3 (−3.7) |
14.7 (−9.6) |
10.1 (−12.2) |
24.4 (−4.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −42 (−41) |
−34 (−37) |
−24 (−31) |
−17 (−27) |
15 (−9) |
22 (−6) |
30 (−1) |
19 (−7) |
9 (−13) |
−10 (−23) |
−18 (−28) |
−22 (−30) |
−42 (−41) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 6.97 (177) |
5.24 (133) |
5.16 (131) |
4.16 (106) |
2.97 (75) |
2.10 (53) |
2.67 (68) |
5.66 (144) |
8.43 (214) |
9.34 (237) |
5.75 (146) |
8.96 (228) |
67.41 (1,712) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 31.6 (80) |
30.0 (76) |
27.6 (70) |
4.3 (11) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
trace | 7.5 (19) |
21.7 (55) |
41.8 (106) |
164.8 (417.76) |
| Source 1: NOAA (1981-2010 precipitation)[7][8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS2 (snow & records)[9] | |||||||||||||
Wildlife
[edit]- American black bear
- Hoary marmot
- Mountain goat
- Western screech owl
- Great horned owl
- Boreal owl
- Northern saw-whet owl
- Steller's jay
- Black-billed magpie
- Horned lark
- Violet-green swallow
- Warblers
- Snow bunting
- Ice worms[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Exit Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
- ^ "A reporter bids farewell to Exit Glacier". Christian Science Monitor. 2019-06-26. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
- ^ "Retreating Exit Glacier has become an icon of climate change". Anchorage Daily News. 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
- ^ "Harding Icefield loses mass; Exit Glacier shows big one-year retreat". Alaska Dispatch News. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Exit Glacier Area - Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
- ^ "Ranger Programs - Kenai Fjords National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
- ^ "Seward 8 NW, Alaska 1991-2020 Monthly Normals". Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- ^ "Seward 8 NW, Alaska 1981-2010 Monthly Normals". Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- ^ "xmACIS". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
- ^ "Wildlife Viewing at Exit Glacier - Kenai Peninsula, Alaska Department of Fish and Game". www.adfg.alaska.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
External links
[edit]
- Exit Glacier Area National Park Service site
- Hourly weather forecast from Anchorage office of National Weather Service